The role and treatment strategy of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is one of the most serious late complications after nuclear radiation accident, bone marrow transplantation pretreatment and thoracic tumor radiotherapy. The formation process of RIPF is complicated and the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Recent studies have shown that radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lung epithelial cells is an indispensable segment of RIPF. This article reviews the role of radiation-induced lung EMT in the occurrence and development of RIPF and related drugs with EMT as a potential therapeutic target, providing ideas for the development of therapeutic drugs for RIPF in the future.

Proteomics reveals the protective mechanism of salvianolate injection on early hyperacute myocardial infarction / 药学学报

The hyperacute stage of myocardial infarction refers to a period of time within 30 minutes after the occurrence of myocardial infarction, when the symptoms are not obvious and the diagnosis is difficult, and the related pathophysiological mechanism has received less attention. In this study, proteomics was used to investigate the pathological changes in the early hyperacute phase of myocardial infarction, aiming to provide experimental evidence for pathological mechanism of myocardial infarction hyperacute stage. Meanwhile, the intervention effect and related mechanism of salvianolate injection were discussed based on heat shock protein B6 (HSPB6), aiming to benefit the clinical rational use of salvianolate injection. The protein expression changes before and after myocardial infarction model establishment were detected by label-free proteomics via mass spectrometry and analyzed by bioinformatics method. Then the binding effect of salvianolate injection on the commonly differential protein HSPB6 was evaluated by molecular docking technology, which was finally verified by animal experiments. All animal experimental protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiyuan Hosptial (2022XLC041). The results of this study showed that a total of 2 166 proteins were quantified by lable-free proteomics, of which 194 shared differential proteins were involved in myocardial injury and body regulation in the hyperacute phase of myocardial infarction, mainly involving molecular functions such as protein homodimerization activity, oxygen binding and transport, and serine endopeptidase inhibitor activity. Among them, HSPB6 protein is involved in the regulation of myocardial function. Molecular docking results indicated that magnesium salvianolate acetate, which is the main component of salvianolate injection, had the lowest binding energy with HSPB6 protein: -14.53 kcal·mol-1. Animal experiments showed that compared with the Sham group, the model group had significantly lower ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) (P < 0.001), cardiac blood perfusion decreased significantly (P < 0.001). There were obvious pathological changes such as myocardial fiber disorder, cardiomyocyte edema and interstitial small blood vessel congestion; the injury of cardiac function of rats in the administration group was attenuated, and the FS of rats in the low-dose group was significantly improved (P < 0.05), the pathological injury of myocardial tissue was markedly mitigated, and the expression of HSPB6 protein was up-regulated to varying degrees (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). In conclusion, salvianolate injection could be able to improve the cardiac function and pathological morphology of rats in the early hyperacute stage of myocardial infarction, and its mechanism may be related to the promotion of expression of HSPB6.

Effect of asiaticoside on OGD/R induced injury of H9C2 cardiomyocytes based on PI3K/Akt/Beclin-1 signaling pathway / 药学学报

In order to investigate the effects of asiaticoside (Ass) on H9C2 cardiomyocytes, the present study examined the potential intervention of Ass on the proliferation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/Bcl-2 homology domain protein (Beclin-1) signaling pathway in H9C2 cardiomyocytes following oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were selected as the research objects, and the activity of H9C2 was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). H9C2 cells were divided into control group, OGD/R group, Ass low concentration group (10 μmol·L-1), Ass high concentration group (80 μmol·L-1) and Ass high concentration + chloroquine group (80 μmol·L-1 + 50 μmol·L-1). The control group was cultured under normal conditions, and the other groups were treated with oxygen and glucose deprivation for 4 h and reperfusion for 2 h. The activity and content of aspartic aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in the supernatant of H9C2 cardiomyocytes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Autophagy staining assay kit with monodansylcadaverine (MDC) method to observe cellular autophagy; molecular docking technique to identify the molecular targets of Ass. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the effect of the drug on cell number. The expression levels of PI3K, Akt, selective autophagy adaptor protein (P62) and Beclin-1 were detected by Western blot. Compared with OGD/R group, Ass group had a protective effect from 10-80 μmol·L-1, and the activities and contents of AST, LDH and CK were decreased. The protein expression levels of PI3K, Akt, P62 and Beclin-1 were decreased. Compared with the administration group, the activities and contents of AST, LDH and CK in Ass high-concentration + chloroquine group were significantly decreased, and the protein expression levels of PI3K, Akt, Beclin-1 and P62 were significantly decreased. Immunofluorescence showed that the inhibitor group and each administration group had different degrees of protective effect compared with the model group. Asiaticoside can reduce the injury of H9C2 cardiomyocyte induced by OGD/R, reduce the content of AST, LDH and CK, reduce the expression level of P62 protein, and reduce autophagy, which may be closely related to the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/Beclin-1 signaling pathway activation.

The coronary heart disease of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome in mini-swine based on platelet proteomics / 药学学报

Based on the technology of platelet proteomics, the key regulatory proteins and pathogenesis of coronary heart disease with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome were explored and analyzed. Based on the previous laboratory research, the model of coronary heart disease in mini-swine with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome was duplicated. The model was judged by the changes in blood lipid and myocardial tissue characteristics. Furthermore, the platelet proteins were studied by quantitative proteomics, and the differentially expressed proteins were screened. The critical regulatory proteins and biological pathways of coronary heart disease with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome were analyzed by bioinformatics. After ten weeks of modeling, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), triglyceride (TG), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in the model group were significantly increased, reflecting the pathological changes such as increased blood lipid, abnormal coagulation function and myocardial ischemia in the model group. In addition, compared with the sham group, there were 26 up-regulated proteins and 8 down-regulated proteins in the platelets of the model group. Combined with bioinformatics analysis, it was found that differential proteins mainly involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, lipid and atherosclerosis, Ras protein signal transduction. Among them, lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5), neuroblastoma ratsarcoma viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) and Kirsten ratsarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) play a central role when interacting with other proteins and simultaneously participate in multiple action pathways. The results showed that LDHB, ADH5, NRAS, and KRAS may be the marker proteins in CHD with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome by regulating glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, lipid and atherosclerosis, Ras protein signal transduction and other biological processes.

One case of myocardial damage caused by carbamate pesticide poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

The data of a patient with carbamate pesticide poisoning were analyzed. Cardiac arrest, oliguria, acute renal injury and pulmonary infection occurred during treatment. After cardiopulmonary resuscitation, tracheal intubation, CRRT, anti-infection and other symptomatic support treatment, the patient recovered and discharged. The myocardial damage caused by carbamate pesticide poisoning is easy to be ignored, and it often causes cardiac manifestations such as arrhythmia and cardiac insufficiency, and the related markers of cardiac injury, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram are also changed. Therefore, the awareness of cardiac damage caused by carbamate pesticide poisoning should be improved.

Intelligent Chinese Medicine: A New Direction Approach for Integrative Medicine in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases / 中国结合医学杂志

High mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) persist worldwide. Older people are at a higher risk of developing these diseases. Given the current high treatment cost for CVDs, there is a need to prevent CVDs and or develop treatment alternatives. Western and Chinese medicines have been used to treat CVDs. However, several factors, such as inaccurate diagnoses, non-standard prescriptions, and poor adherence behavior, lower the benefits of the treatments by Chinese medicine (CM). Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in clinical diagnosis and treatment, especially in assessing efficacy of CM in clinical decision support systems, health management, new drug research and development, and drug efficacy evaluation. In this study, we explored the role of AI in CM in the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs, and discussed application of AI in assessing the effect of CM on CVDs.

Comparative effect of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin on the modulation of bile acid profiles and gut microbiota in rats

Abstract Fluoroquinolones are an important class of antimicrobial agents to manage infectious diseases. However, knowledge about how host bile acids are modified by fluoroquinolones is limited. We investigated and compared the impact of fluoroquinolones on circulating bile acid profiles and gut microbiota from in vivo studies. We administered ciprofloxacin (100 mg/kg/day) or moxifloxacin (40 mg/kg/day) orally to male Wistar rats for seven days. Fifteen bile acids (BAs) from the serum and large intestine were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. The diversity of gut microbiota after ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin treatment was analyzed using high-throughput, next-generation sequencing technology. The two fluoroquinolone-treated groups had different BA profiles. Ciprofloxacin significantly reduced the hydrophobicity index of the BA pool, reduced secondary BAs, and increased taurine-conjugated primary BAs in both the serum and large intestine as compared with moxifloxacin. Besides, ciprofloxacin treatment altered intestinal microbiota with a remarkable increase in Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, while moxifloxacin exerted no effect. What we found suggests that different fluoroquinolones have a distinct effect on the host BAs metabolism and intestinal bacteria, and therefore provide guidance on the selection of fluoroquinolones to treat infectious diseases.

Clinical characteristics of infection-induced central nervous system complications in renal transplant recipients / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of central nerve system (CNS) infection and grasp the necessity and possibility of early diagnosis and precise intervention of CNS infection after renal transplantation.Methods:This retrospective study enrolled consecutive recipients of renal transplantation with CNS infection after transplant between January 2000 and December 2020. Correlative factors for CNS infection after renal transplant were determined by comparing the clinical data between recipients with and without CNS infection. After screening 3, 199 consecutive renal transplant recipients, 12 patients with CNS infection post-transplant were identified and recruited. The median age-of-onset was 48.5 (23-65) years. And the median time to disease onset after transplant was 50.5(1-204) months. The most common symptoms of CNS infection after renal transplant included fever (75.00%), consciousness disorder (58.33%), headache (58.33%) and neck rigidity (41.67%).Results:Hepatitis B virus carrier and pulmonary infection were correlated with CNS infection after transplantation ( P<0.05). Nine patients failed to identify the pathogen and only received empirical anti-infective regimen. The outcomes were curing ( n=3) and death ( n=6). Metagenomic sequencing was performed for identifying the pathogen in three recipients and actively adjusting the anti-infective regimen. As a result, 2 were cured and 1 died. The overall mortality was 58.33%. The median time to death or curing from disease onset were 20(2-19) and 25(16-35) days respectively in surviving and non-surviving recipients. Conclusions:The progress of CNS infection after transplantation is rapid with a high mortality. HBV carrier and pulmonary infection are possible risk factors of CNS infection after renal transplantation. Early pathogenic identification and precise etiological intervention are vital for better clinical outcomes.

Multi-disciplinary team on renal allograft dysfunction induced by recurrence of primary hyperoxaluria type I after renal transplantation / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and the experience of multi-disciplinary team (MDT) on recurrence of primary hyperoxaluria (PH) type I after renal transplantation. Methods One case presenting with unexplained rapid decline of renal allograft function after allogeneic renal transplantation was discussed by MDT. The role of MDT in diagnosing rare hereditary diseases and improving the long-term survival of renal transplant recipients was summarized. Results After MDT consultation, the patient was diagnosed with recurrence of PH type I. Routine immunosuppressive regimen was initiated after the exclusion of rejection. The patient was instructed to drink a large quantity of water, and given with high-quality protein and low-phosphorus diet, vitamin B6, calcium and other conservative therapies to actively prevent and treat postoperative complications. The deterioration of renal graft function was delayed. Nevertheless, regular hemodialysis was resumed at 5 months after renal transplantation until the submission date of this manuscript. Conclusions Recurrence of PH type I after renal transplantation is relatively rare. The main clinical manifestations are recurrent kidney stones and decreased renal function with multiple complications and poor prognosis. The condition of the patient is consulted by MDT for confirming the diagnosis, determining the optimal treatment scheme, delaying the progression and improving the clinical prognosis.

Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Applications of Radix Astragali / 中国结合医学杂志

Radix Astragali (RA), a traditional Chinese medicine from the dried root of Astragalus species, is widely distributed throughout the temperate regions of the world. The major bioactive constituents of RA are triterpene glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids, and these compounds mostly exert pharmacological activities on the cardiovascular, immune, respiratory, and hepatic systems. This review summarizes the recent studies on RA and provides a comprehensive summary regarding the status of resources, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, clinical application, and patent release of RA. We hope this review can provide a guidance for further development of therapeutic agents from RA.

Prevalence of heart failure in Chinese cognitive impairment patients： a meta-analysis / 上海预防医学

Objective:Heart failure （HF） and cognitive impairment have become serious medical problems in China. This study used meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with HF in China， and provided suggestions for intervention and prevention of cognitive impairment in this population. Methods:A systematic retrieval was conducted by searching relevant literatures regarding cognitive impairment in Chinese HF patients. These reports were published on CNKI， Wanfang， SinoMed， VIP and PubMed， from January 1， 1980 to July 10， 2020. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality （AHRQ） criteria and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to evaluate the literature quality of cross-sectional studies and case-control studies， respectively. Stata16.0 was used for combined prevalence and effect value. Results:A total of 20 articles with medium quality were included. Six of them were case-control studies， with a total sample size of 933 people， and healthy people as controls. The Odds Ratios （OR） value of the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with HF was 2.77 （95% CI： 2.05-3.74）. 14 articles were cross-sectional studies with a total sample size of 3000. In China， the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with HF was 54.3% （95% CI： 0.43-0.65）. Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of cognitive impairment was increased with age， and women had a higher prevalence （58.4%） than that in men （48.4%）. The prevalence in studies using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA）to evaluate cognitive impairment （63.6%） was higher than those using Mini-mental State Examination （MMSE）（41.7%）. The limitations of this study include the following： only used the relevant literature on cognitive impairment in patients with HF in China； failed to explain the source of heterogeneity， unable to determine the impact of the study area on heterogeneity， and unable to determine the causality of HF and cognitive impairment. Conclusion:The prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with HF in China is high and significantly affected by age， gender and other factors. Appropriate measures should be taken for prevention and timely intervention.

Efficacy of 3D printed fistula stent in the treatment of enteroatmospheric fistula / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of fistula stent made by 3D printing technique in the treatment of enteroatmospheric fistula. Methods: A descriptive case series study was carried out.@*INCLUSION CRITERIA@#(1) patients with open abdomen; (2) patients with enteroatmospheric fistula.@*EXCLUSION CRITERIA@#(1) patient with two or more fistulas; (2) distal obstruction; (3) bowel stenosis over 50%. According to above criteria, 17 EAF patients admitted to the General Surgery Department of Jinling Hospital from June 2019 to January 2020 were retrospectively included in study. Based on the intestinal radiography, CT reconstruction and finger exploration, the size of fistula, the diameter of the intestinal tube and the angle of the intestinal lumen around the fistula were assessed. The 3D printing fistula stent was designed and established based on estimated data, and then placed through the fistula.@*OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS@#(1) success rate of stent implantation; (2) outflow of intestinal contents after implantation; (3) tolerated exercise time; (4) receiving definite operation time for intestinal fistula; (5) time to recovery of enteral nutrition. The t-test was used to compare the outflow amount of intestinal content before and after the stent implantation and the tolerated exercise time. The changes of the outflow amount of intestinal content and tolerated exercise time were analyzed by repeated measurement ANOVA. Results: Seventeen EAF patients with open abdomen included 13 males and 4 females. All the patients successfully received intestinal fistula stent implantation. Gastrointestinal angiography 2 days after implantation showed that the digestive tract was unobstructed, and the stent was successfully kept in place until definite surgery. No stent implantation-related adverse reactions were found in patients undergoing definite intestinal fistula surgery. The average outflow amount of intestinal fluid within 7 days after implantation decreased from (702.7±198.9) ml/d to on the first day after implantation (45.8±22.4) ml/d on the 7th day(F=10.380, P<0.001). The ambulatory time and exercise time of patients continued to increase after stent implantation. The average tolerated exercise time within 14 days after stent implantation increased from (9.1±3.8) min/d to (106.9±21.8) min/d (F=41.727, P<0.001). Within 120 days after stent implantation, 15 patients successfully underwent definite surgery for intestinal fistula and reconstruction of abdominal wall. Patients needed a median (IQR) of 3 (2, 5) days to recover enteral nutrition. The average time from stent placement to surgery was (87.2±17.6) days. Two patients died of severe abdominal infection with multiple organ failure. Conclusion: 3D printing fistula stent can significantly and the outflow of intestinal contents and the difficulty of nursing, and help to restore enteral nutrition and rehabilitation exercise as soon as possible in EAF patients with open abdomen.

Establishment of mini-guts organoid and research on intestinal disease from the new perspective / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Intestinal organoids, also named "mini-guts", reconstitute sophisticated three-dimensional architecture recapitulating diversified intestinal epithelial cell types and physiology, which is driven by the proliferative and self-assembling characteristics of crypt stem cells. The initiation of organoids study relies on the identification of Lgr5+ crypt stem cells from different intestinal segments and the key role of EGF, Wnt, BMP/TGF-β, Notch signal pathways within the microenvironment during the cultivation process. Besides constituting polarized crypt-villus structures, these "mini-guts" exhibit various effective functions of intestinal epithelium. Since 2009 when the culture system of small intestinal organoids was established by Sato et al, intestinal organoids excel conventional intestinal models depending on genetical mutation in multiple aspects and thus have become the hotspot among the research on intestinal diseases. Combined with genomics, material science and engineering, "mini-guts" have been widely applied to the research on intestinal development, intestinal transport physiology, epithelial barrier, pathogen-host interaction and the study on cystic fibrosis, infectious diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, intestinal cancer, etc. In this review, we summarize the new insights introduced by organoid into the research on intestinal diseases, and related research advances and applications.

Research progress of change of platelet in blood stasis syndrome and effect of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome of blood stasis refers to blood stagnation in meridians and viscera, with the main symptoms of pain, mass, bleeding, purple tongue, and unsmooth pulse. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are among the major chronic diseases seriously harming the health of the Chinese. Among the coronary heart disease and stroke patients, most demonstrate the blood stasis syndrome. Platelet is considered to be one of the necessary factors in thrombosis, which closely relates to the TCM syndrome of blood stasis and the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The clinical and laboratory research on platelet activation and aggregation has been paid more and more attention. Its purpose is to treat and prevent blood stasis syndrome. In this study, the authors analyzed the research on the dysfunctions of platelets in blood stasis syndrome, biological basis of TCM blood stasis syndrome, and the effect of blood-activating stasis-resolving prescriptions on platelets, aiming at providing a reference for exploring the mechanism of platelet intervention in the treatment of TCM blood stasis syndrome and the pathways and targets of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of the syndrome.

Studies on fingerprints and efficacy-related substance of classical prescription Zhuru Decoction / 中国中药杂志

Based on fingerprint and network pharmacology,the whole process quality control of Zhuru Decoction was conducted and efficacy-related substances were predicted.The fingerprints of raw materials,decoction pieces and Zhuru Decoction were established,and 25 common peaks were identified,including 9 common chromatographic peaks of 3'-hydroxy puerarin,puerarin,3'-methoxy puerarin,puerarin,aperioside,daidzin,daidzein,liquiritin,glycyrrhizic acid and 6-gingerol, with similarity all greater than 0.95.The main groups of pharmacodynamic substances can be transferred from raw materials,decoction pieces to Zhuru Decoction step by step,with a clear affiliation relationship.Based on the testability and traceability,the active ingredients were screened,and the network relationship of "component-target-pathway" was constructed and analyzed for the nine chemical components screened by network pharmacology.The enriched pathways included energy metabolism,alcoholism,and smooth muscle contraction and relaxation-related pathways.The nine active components of Zhuru Decoction may achieve the effects of clearing heat, alleviating a hangover, harmonizing stomach and stopping vomiting through these signaling pathways.Based on transitive and traceable properties of the above 9 components as well as their close relationship to the efficacy of Zhuru Decoction,these 9 components can be identified as potential efficacy-related substances and provide basis for the overall quality control of Zhuru Decoction.

Application of directed acyclic graphs in identification and control of selection bias in causal inference / 中华疾病控制杂志

In the etiology study of epidemiology, selection bias will lead to the fact that the research sample cannot represent the general population, the association between exposure and outcome among those selected for analysis differs from the association among those eligible, and the true causal association cannot be inferred. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) could visualize complex causality, introduce the Collider-stratification bias using simple graphics language, provide a simple and intuitive way to identify Selection bias, different types of selection bias are verified by the graphic structure of the Collider-stratification bias. In practical studies, there may be multiple biases at the same time, improper adjustment of the collider will lead to Collider-stratification bias, open a backdoor path, even change the size and direction of the confounding bias. In order to obtain an unbiased estimate of the exposure to the outcome, it is necessary to identify the collider and avoid the adjustment to prevent the occurrence of Collider-stratification bias by using DAGs.

All-ceramic premolar guiding plate retains resin-bonded fixed partial dentures / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aims to investigate the fracture resistance and short-term restorative effects of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) made from heat-pressed lithium-disilicate-based glass-ceramic (IPS e.max press) and zirconia ceramic (WIELAND) and retained by all-ceramic guiding plates when used to restore missing mandibular second premolars.@*METHODS@#A total of 64 human mandibular first premolars and first molars were prepared as abutments, then were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8): E0, heat-pressed ceramic RBFPDs, no cyclic loading; E1, heat-pressed ceramic RBFPDs exposed to 300 000 cycles of dynamic loading; W0, zirconia ceramic RBFPDs, no cyclic loading; and W1, zirconia ceramic RBFPDs exposed to 300 000 cycles of dynamic loading. Fracture strength was tested in a universal testing machine.@*RESULTS@#The medians of fracture strength were 1 242.85 N±260.11 N (E0), 1 650.85 N±206.77 N (W0), 1 062.60 N±179.98 N (E1), and 1 167.61 N±265.50 N (W1). Statistical analysis showed that all the groups exhibited significantly higher fracture strength compared with the maximum bite force in the premolar region (360 N; P0.05). Significant statistical differences were found between the zirconia ceramic groups (W0 and W1, P0.05) after dynamic loading.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The RBFPDs retained by all-ceramic guiding plates exhibited promising fracture properties and optimal short-term restorative effects when used to restore missing mandibular second premolars.

Co-existence of blaOXA-23 and blaVIM in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates belonging to global complex 2 in a Chinese teaching hospital / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) have been a challenging concern of health-care associated infections. The aim of the current study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology and clonal dissemination of CRAB isolates in a Chinese teaching hospital.@*METHODS@#Non-duplicate clinical A. baumannii isolates were collected from inpatients, and we measured the minimal inhibitory concentrations to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were performed to detect carbapenem-resistance genes and occurrence of transposons among CRAB isolates. Moreover, the genetic diversity among isolates and clonal dissemination were determined by repetitive element PCR-mediated DNA fingerprinting (rep-PCR) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).@*RESULTS@#A total of 67 CRAB isolates displayed resistance to most of the antibiotics tested in this study, except tigecycline. We detected blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58, and blaVIM genes in 94.0%, 100.0%, 1.5%, and 80.6% of the CRAB isolates, respectively. Nevertheless, 74.6% of the CRAB isolates co-harbored the blaOXA-23 and blaVIM. Only one type of transposons was detected: Tn2008 (79.1%, 53/67). Although 12 distinctive types (A-L) were determined (primarily A type) ST195 was the most prevalent sequence type (ST). ST368, ST210, ST90, ST829, and ST136 were also detected, and all belonged to clonal complex 208 (CC208) and global complex 2 (GC2).@*CONCLUSION@#The blaOXA-23 and blaVIM genes contributed to the resistance among CRAB isolates collected in our study. Notably, most of the CRAB strains co-harbored blaOXA-23 and blaVIM genes, as well as Tn2008, which could contribute to clonal dissemination. The prevalence of such organisms may underlie hospital acquired infections.

Co-existence of blaOXA-23 and blaVIM in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates belonging to global complex 2 in a Chinese teaching hospital / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background:@#Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) have been a challenging concern of health-care associated infections. The aim of the current study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology and clonal dissemination of CRAB isolates in a Chinese teaching hospital.@*Methods:@#Non-duplicate clinical A. baumannii isolates were collected from inpatients, and we measured the minimal inhibitory concentrations to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were performed to detect carbapenem-resistance genes and occurrence of transposons among CRAB isolates. Moreover, the genetic diversity among isolates and clonal dissemination were determined by repetitive element PCR-mediated DNA fingerprinting (rep-PCR) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).@*Results:@#A total of 67 CRAB isolates displayed resistance to most of the antibiotics tested in this study, except tigecycline. We detected blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58, and blaVIM genes in 94.0%, 100.0%, 1.5%, and 80.6% of the CRAB isolates, respectively. Nevertheless, 74.6% of the CRAB isolates co-harbored the blaOXA-23 and blaVIM. Only one type of transposons was detected: Tn2008 (79.1%, 53/67). Although 12 distinctive types (A-L) were determined (primarily A type) ST195 was the most prevalent sequence type (ST). ST368, ST210, ST90, ST829, and ST136 were also detected, and all belonged to clonal complex 208 (CC208) and global complex 2 (GC2).@*Conclusion:@#The blaOXA-23 and blaVIM genes contributed to the resistance among CRAB isolates collected in our study. Notably, most of the CRAB strains co-harbored blaOXA-23 and blaVIM genes, as well as Tn2008, which could contribute to clonal dissemination. The prevalence of such organisms may underlie hospital acquired infections.

Inhibition of ATM Promotes Neuronal Apoptosis through Upregulating Bim Expression / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Abstract】 【Objective】To investigate the mechanisms implicated in ataxia telangiectasia mutated(ATM)inhibitioncaused apoptosis in the cultured cerebellar granule neurons.【Methods】Primary cerebellar granule neurons(CGN)isolated from neonatal Sprague Dawley rats of 7-8 days were divided into the following groups:25 K group(survival group),5 K group(apoptosis group)and 25 K + KU-55933 treatment group(ATM inhibition group),25 K + KU-55933 + Mithramycin A treatment group(MMA group),25 K + KU-55933 + Chromonycin A3 treatment group(CMA3 group). The protein expression of p-ATM,ATM,Bim and Caspase 3 were detected by Western Blot. The apoptotic cells with nuclear pyknosis were detected by Hoechst-staining.【Results】Compared with 25 K group,the result of western blot showed that the protein expression of Bim and Caspase 3 were increased in the ATM inhibition group(P < 0.05). Compared with 25 K group,the nuclear pyknosis rate of 5 K group and ATM inhibition group were significantly increased(P < 0.05). Inhibition of Bim by Mithramycin A or Chromomycin A3 remarkably reversed ATM inhibition-caused apoptosis.【Conclusion】Inhibition of ATM induce Bim dependent apoptosis in cultured cerebellar granule neurons.